Formula and method
Network = IP bitwise AND subnet mask. Broadcast = network bitwise OR the inverted mask.
Worked example
192.168.1.10/24 has network 192.168.1.0 and broadcast 192.168.1.255.
Assumptions
- /31 follows RFC 3021 point-to-point semantics with two usable addresses.
- /32 represents one host route.
Reference sources
Reviewed and updated 2026-07-14